Riyadh:Deputy Minister of Health for Population Health Dr. Abdullah Assiri emphasized the critical role of epidemiological surveillance systems during the Tazeez Annual Conference held in Riyadh. According to Saudi Press Agency, the conference was organized by the Saudi Health Promotion and Education Association at King Saud University, bringing together experts in public health and policy. Dr. Assiri noted that these surveillance systems, which operate continuously, form the first line of defense against infectious diseases. He highlighted the importance of public health measures that focus on prevention, preparedness, and early detection before outbreaks occur. Dr. Assiri described public health as a fundamental component of health security, emphasizing the significance of immunization and infection control programs in healthcare facilities. Additionally, he discussed the importance of effective communication during health crises to provide the public with balanced information, encouraging adherence to p reventive measures and avoiding panic. Dr. Assiri shared insights from Saudi Arabia's experience with Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS) since 2012, underscoring the development of systems for surveillance, screening, and infection control. He pointed out that infectious diseases transcend borders, necessitating early detection, isolation, contact tracing, and risk assessment. He also identified antimicrobial resistance and the One Health approach, which considers the interconnectedness of humans, animals, and the environment, as key future challenges. Addressing these issues, he asserted, requires coordinated efforts at local, regional, and international levels.